Fastener Spacing Calculator — Avoid Splitting

The minimum edge distance for screws is typically 4 times the screw diameter. For a 4mm screw, that is 16mm from the edge. For nails, use 5 times the nail diameter. These distances prevent the wood from splitting along the grain.

The minimum end distance for screws is typically 10 times the screw diameter (40mm for a 4mm screw). For nails, use 15 times the diameter. End grain is more prone to splitting, hence the greater distance requirement.

Pilot holes can reduce the risk of splitting, potentially allowing you to reduce spacing by 20-30%. However, the minimum edge and end distances should still be respected. When in doubt, use the standard spacing recommendations.