Stain Coverage Calculator — Wood Stain Quantity

Coverage varies by stain type and wood. Water-based stains cover about 10-14 m² per litre and oil-based about 8-12 m²/L. Gel stains cover further — roughly 14-20 m²/L (manufacturers quote 150-200 sq ft per US quart) — because they are wiped on as a thin surface film rather than soaking in. Softwoods and porous surfaces absorb more stain, reducing coverage.

Two coats is standard for most projects. The first coat penetrates the wood, and the second coat evens the colour and adds depth. For very porous softwood, a third coat may be needed. For hardwood, one coat may be sufficient.

MDF absorbs stain very unevenly because of its density and cut edges. Seal MDF with a shellac-based sealant first, then apply gel stain for the most even result. Water-based stains can cause MDF to swell.

Water-based stains are ready for recoating in 2 hours. Oil-based stains need 6-8 hours. Gel stains are slower — allow 8-24 hours on raw wood (Minwax quotes 8-10 hours, General Finishes 12-24 hours) as the thick film cures from the surface down. In cold or humid conditions, allow extra drying time. The surface should feel dry to the touch before recoating.